Hi @Anonymous,
For me it's not entirely clear if you want to update the default value of a column or if you just want to update the metadata of a list item, in this case a folder.
So, I have created REST API examples for both scenarios. Hope this helps a bit?
1. Update the default value of a document library field. In this case I am setting the default value of the field to Contoso Sports.
URI
_api/web/lists/GetByTitle('@{variables('LibraryName')}')/Fields/getbytitle('@{variables('FieldName')}')
Headers
{
"Accept": "application/json;odata=verbose",
"Content-Type": "application/json;odata=verbose",
"X-HTTP-Method": "MERGE",
"IF-MATCH": "*"
}
Body
{
"__metadata": {
"type": "SP.Field"
},
"DefaultValue": "Contoso Sports"
}

2. Update the value of that same field for an item in the document library. In this example I am first retrieving the ListItemEntityTypeFullName. I am using that value for the type in the second request. In this case I am setting the value of the field of the folder item to Contoso.
URI
_api/web/lists/GetByTitle('@{variables('LibraryName')}')?$select=ListItemEntityTypeFullName
Headers
{
"Accept": "application/json;odata=nometadata"
}

URI
_api/web/lists/getByTitle('@{variables('LibraryName')}')/items(1)
Headers
{
"content-type": "application/json; odata=verbose",
"accept": "application/json; odata=verbose",
"IF-MATCH": "*",
"X-HTTP-METHOD": "MERGE"
}
Body
{
"__metadata": {
"type": "@{outputs('Send_an_HTTP_request_to_SharePoint_-_ListItemEntity')?['body/ListItemEntityTypeFullName']}"
},
"@{variables('FieldName')}": "Contoso"
}
