You can get this using Power Automate as below:
1 - Get the form ID from the URL of the form to be used in step 4 and 5
2 - Get Tenant ID from Azure to be used in step 4
3 - After get response details, add Get my profile (v2) action ... this will give us our own id to be used in step 4
4 - Send an HTTP request to SharePoint
Site Address: https://forms.office.com/
Method: GET
Uri: formapi/api/[tenantId]/users/[userId]/light/forms('[formId]')

This will give you a lot of metadata about the form in JSON including rowCount (number of responses) - but this will not give you details of those responses (yet)
5 - Create another Send HTTP request to SharePoint
Site Address: https://forms.office.com/
Method: GET
formapi/DownloadExcelFile.ashx?formid=[formId]&minResponseId=1&maxResponseId=[rowcount]
6 - Output from step 5 gives you detail of each response (as an array) with Start Time and End Time
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