This is the real solution. The other approved answers explain why they are getting the error but not a working solution.
The simple solution is to create a view on the list of just the core fields you need to update then you can update them without issue.
By the way, there is a bug (terrible UI behavior) in if you fill out the form fields in order (Site Address, List Name and ID), you will never see the "Show Advanced Options" link as it pops to the bottom of all the form fields. You then have to scroll way down to the bottom, click on the "Show Advanced Options" link, then scroll back up to the top and you will now see the "Limit Columns by View" option. Not real intuitive. The easiest way is to click on the "Show Advanced Options" link before you fill out the Site Address etc and you will always see the "Limit Columns by View" option.
I think many developers have been struggling with the fact that Microsoft basically hides "Limit Columns by View" as an advanced option when it really is essential and not advanced at all.