
Announcements
I'm pretty sure this is working as Microsoft intends. If you look at the documentation, you'll see:
you can configure up to eight daily time slots if your dataset is on shared capacity, or 48 time slots on Power BI Premium.
They provide some additional clarification as follows:
It's also important to call out that the shared-capacity limitation for daily refreshes applies to both scheduled refreshes and API refreshes combined. [...] Also note tha datasets on a Premium capacity don't impose limitations for API refreshes.
Power Automate is an API refresh, so you'll get throttled unless you have a premium capacity. You can't cleverly circumvent intentional licensing limitations by using Power Automate instead of scheduling the refresh in the Power BI Service directly.