Hi @Rodrigue,
If you use the SharePoint Update file action, it is only available to seperate the Excel file with the Name and the File content part.
Here the File content is the whole file body, there is no way to get the data inside Excel in details.
Could you please explain a bit for what data you would like to update with the Excel Table?
If you would like to sync the Excel file, then first we need to get the same Excel from other data source, for example, OneDrive folder, with the OneDrive Get file or Get files action, then there would be dynamic content for File content that could be used to update the SharePoint Excel file.
If you would like to Update Data within the Excel table, then we need to connect with Excel Connector, which then would offer you Update Row action, and that allows to operate in the Excel table level.
But there is a limitation when using the Excel Connector, the fiel location is limitted currenlty. It is not available to get the Excel file stored in SharePoint Library. The available data source here is listed as below:

So if you would like to Update Excel file stored in SharePoint Library, a workaround here is:
1. Create a copy of the Excel file and store it under OneDrive or other available data sources,
2. Create a flow to operate under the Excel connector, once the file has been updated, use OneDrive Get file Action to Update the file content of the Excel stored under SharePoint Library.
Hope the information above is helpful.
Adding the Excel connector template for reference:
Excel
Further, if you would like the Excel connector to add support of the SharePoint library, please submit this as an idea under Flow idea forum:
https://powerusers.microsoft.com/t5/Flow-Ideas/idb-p/FlowIdeas
Regards,
Michael