That is happening because you are using a form response that is a text string and it is "" empty/blank. You can't put a blank "" into a date field.
So you need to use an expression to check the value and see if it is empty/blank, and if so use null, else use the form response.
I don't know exactly the expression to use since I don't want to make a form and test it. But it will be something like one of these below.
If the form response is empty, then put null, else use the form response:
if(empty(trim(body('Get_response_details')?['r798aa527047d4848a55f37d494327b23'])),null,body('Get_response_details')?['r798aa527047d4848a55f37d494327b23'])
If the form response equals null, then put null, else use the form response:
if(equals(trim(body('Get_response_details')?['r798aa527047d4848a55f37d494327b23']),null),null,body('Get_response_details')?['r798aa527047d4848a55f37d494327b23'])
If the form response is equal to '' blank, then put null, else use the form response:
if(equals(trim(body('Get_response_details')?['r798aa527047d4848a55f37d494327b23']),''),null,body('Get_response_details')?['r798aa527047d4848a55f37d494327b23'])
If the length (number of characters) of the form response is equal to 0 zero, then put null, else use the form response:
if(equals(length(trim(body('Get_response_details')?['r798aa527047d4848a55f37d494327b23'])),int(0)),null,body('Get_response_details')?['r798aa527047d4848a55f37d494327b23'])
The last one should work for sure, but it has the most extra functions. The trim() function in all of the expressions is to remove any leading or trailing spaces, sometimes that helps clear a blank value.
Try these until one of them works. If none of them work, you could also try using '' instead of null and see if that helps. So it would be if the form response is empty then '' , else form response.
If the form response is empty, then put '', else use the form response:
if(empty(trim(body('Get_response_details')?['r798aa527047d4848a55f37d494327b23'])),'',body('Get_response_details')?['r798aa527047d4848a55f37d494327b23'])
See if one of those works for you.