You will either need to process them all one by one in a loop, or you could also process it as a list.
If you use Read from Excel worksheet to get your data into a data table (read a range and not a single cell), then you can use Retrieve data table column into list to get a single column into a list variable. You should then use Parse text with regular expressions enabled. Use the following pattern: (\d{2}-){2}\d{4} and make sure that you set it to return all occurrences and not just the first one.
This will return all strings that are formatted as ##-##-#### into a list of matches. You can then write this back to your Excel column with a single Write to Excel worksheet action.
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