Apologies, I'm not suggesting 'manual' editing in SharePoint, I'm suggesting using calculated columns, etc.
Also, I may be misremembering, but I thought certain changes in column type maintained the data within. I could be wrong, though.
However, if you're insistent on using PA, then what I would recommend, here, is; to run a Get items action on the list, and use an ODATA filter in the action to filter for the various phrases (like "#*^").
This would cut down the amount of actions that the flow needs to do and how long it will process for.
Once you have that list data, it's just a matter of running an Apply to each on each item in there, and simply either run a single action in there (Update item) with the replace actions in an expression or two, or run a couple of extra actions to sift through with maybe a Switch, then Update item after that.