Yes there is using the ticks expression (nanoseconds since 1st January 1601) but I don't think there's a way of doing this with a filter query, you have to do it with a series of Compose controls in the body of the flow.
After your List rows present in a table, the first control inside the apply to each is a Compose to get the date from each item in the Excel spreadsheet:

Next, inside another Compose turn that into an integer using int(outputs('Compose_Date')). Next, calculate the number of ticks of the integer by doing a multiplication inside another Compose using
add(mul(outputs('Compose_Integer'),864000000000),599264352000000000)

Next, add another Compose to get the ticks value from the start of today using the expression ticks(startOfDay(utcNow()))
Finally, add a condition. In my example I'm checking of the date column in the spreadsheet is greater than today's date, i.e in the future.

The flow will run and do a comparison of the date in the Excel column against today's date.
Rob
Los Gallardos
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