I don't know how to resolve your issue with images in e-mails to Gmail, but how you are using the action When an HTTP request is received is most likely not going to work. The purpose of the trigger “When an HTTP Request is Received” action in Power Automate allows you to trigger a flow when an HTTP request is sent to a specific URL (the one generated from the action). This is useful for integrating Power Automate with other systems or services that can send HTTP requests. This blog post may help to explain it better
Power Automate: When an HTTP request is received Trigger - Manuel T. Gomes.
If somehow this is actually what you want to do, then you need another workflow that sends an HTTP Post request to the URL generated from your current trigger, and a JSON Scheme needs to be defined in the current flow. Here is an example of how to use these actions:
Workflow 1: Sends an HTTP POST request to trigger flow two and include JSON data that is processed by the second flow.
Workflow 2 (the one you currently have set up), takes the data send and gets a related SharePoint item to continue the process:
Again, I don't know what you're trying to do regarding the images and Gmail, but you would need to pass the data in the body of the HTTP POST request in workflow 1 for it to then be processed and used in workflow 1.
If this makes sense, then mark this as the answer and then post a new question asking how to embed an image in an e-mail action for Gmail. Someone may have an answer to that for you.
You should not publicly post the URL generated from these actions, as hackers can use them to try and run your flow. Note, the URL you posted is complete, as I tested it with Postman.