If the fields in the name are divided by an underscore, the easiest approach would be this:
last(split('Bang_so_1_CN_270323.pdf', '_'))
If not, and you always need the last ten characters, you can use this:
substring(
'Bang_so_1_CN_270323.pdf',
sub(
length('Bang_so_1_CN_270323.pdf'),
10
),
10
)
or a bit safer (no need to repeat your value and it works with too short names as well)
join(
reverse(
take(
reverse(chunk('Bang_so_1_CN_270323.pdf', 1)),
10
)
),
''
)