To clarify, you needed to delete a field from a Table?
Did you click on More Details/Details of the Error? It should have mentioned exactly what Forms (which is probably the issue), its still on? If you look at this and it tells you then skip the rest of the below, otherwise please do the following.
NOTE: post images of the error etc.
To make sure what steps you took.
1. You deleted the field, but beforehand did you click to see what Dependencies it had?
2. When you tried to delete it, did you get a warning it had dependencies?
3. After you deleted, did you Published all customizations, before exporting it as a managed solution?
My guess is you may have deleted it, discounting other dependencies, such as Views or Forms or Apps or Flows.
That or someone has been making changes directly in production, taking dependencies by skipping dev.
Now in production, go to the solution, go to PowerApps.com, click on the Tables Tab. Go to your Table where you deleted the field.
Get the list of dependencies.
I want you to do the exact same thing Dev. Compare then to see what's different.