Update: Seems like collections are semi-supported after all in Components contrary to the documentation!
In the OnReset property I have the following formula (TreeData is an input variable of type table):
ClearCollect(ComponentTmp; Component1.TreeData)
It gives a warning, but the ClearCollect works! After this I can use Patch and UpdateIf like normal, except that it also give a warning 🙂 It's funny that Collect, ClearCollect, Patch and UpdateIf doesn't show up in the formula auto-complete, but it still works 🙂