@ETSoft
You cannot update things that way in PowerApps. Your controls all "consume" values from other places.
If you maintain the concept that you have of having a button to update a field there is a few steps you will need to take.
First, your button will update a Variable - so, in this case, your OnSelect Action will be:
UpdateContext({varProgress:"100"})
Next, your DataCard will need to consume the variable. So, you would change the Default on the DataCard as follows:
If(!IsBlank(varProgress), varProgress, ThisItem.whatEverFieldItIs)
The trick on this is that you will absolutely need to "reset" the value of the varProgress when you change items to Edit. You can do this wherever you submit the form, or even on another button or action. But, wherever, you will need to do this:
UpdateContext({varProgress:""})
Also note...since you used "100" in your example, this all assumes you are using a text field. If it is numeric, you will want to use the Value(varProgress) above.
This is just one of several ways to go about what you are trying to do.
Hope it helps get you going.