Ok
It's pretty clear what has to happen at least based on your picture and I also recommend a change to what you have
Let's say you have a DataSource called ME
And it has 5 Columns
4 are text and 1 is Date
What I suggest you do is the following
First Suggestion, move all code AfTER the submit to the OnSuccess property of the form.
Now to your ask.
We need to verify that there is NO record before letting them submit
1. In your Buttons DisplayMode property we want to check if there is an existing record. If there is then we want to make the button disabled, if not then edit
If(IsBlank(LookUp(MyDatasource, fIeld1 = FormDataControl.Text, field2 = FormDataControl.Text, field3 = DateValue), DisplayMode.Enabled, DisplayMode.Disabled)
What this does, is a lookup against your SQL Source, using the FIelds in the table in SQL, and the values FROM the Form.
If it returns IsBlank, that means it doesn't exist, and we want people to be able to Submit.
if it returns a Row, then we know it would be a duplicate and keep the button from being clicked.
You could also have a Label somewhere on the screen. Make the text something like "This would create a duplicate, please review your data"
Then in the text labels Visible property you would put the a similar expression as in the Buttons DisplayMode
The difference is the Visible property is a boolean, so you only need to check if the returned row IsBlank = true, so the label shows up.
IsBlank(LookUp(MyDatasource, fIeld1 = FormDataControl.Text, field2 = FormDataControl.Text, field3 = DateValue)
This is how you check for duplicates, block them from submitting AND give them a warning in a label so they know why they cannot submit.