Yes, it can be done it will depend on the requierement and scenarios for your validation, but can be done via JavaScript, Flow, Plugin or workflow.
Since you mentioned the close of the lead/opportunity, I think this should be a realtime validation.
If you decide to use JavaScript, you can use XrmToolBox's plugin FetchXml Builder plugin to build the query you need.
So, once you have the unique value to identify your customer you can use this WebApi query for the Account table as an example:
https://yourUrl/api/data/v9.2/accounts?$select=address1_city,address1_country,address1_county,address1_fax,address1_line1,address1_stateorprovince&$filter=accountnumber eq 'CUS1000001'
you'll have to change the name of your table and columns as needed.
Converting that webApi query to Xrm.WebApi call
Xrm.WebApi.retrieveMultipleRecords(account, "$select=address1_city,address1_country,address1_county,address1_fax,address1_line1,address1_stateorprovince&$filter=accountnumber eq 'CUS1000001'").then(successCallback, errorCallback);
In you success callback you'll get an array as a result with the retrieved data.