Hi @barlowse ,
Firstly, please make sure the picture is in base64 format.
Secondly, Image column expects a record . Its format is {Image:{Value:"***",Full:"***"}}
I've made a test for your reference:
1\ This is my image control 'Image1'.

2\ Add a button control and set its onselect property to:
Patch(Students,First(Students),{Image:{Full:Image1.Image,Value:Image1.Image}})
3\ Add another image control 'Image2' to show the Image value in my first record.
Set the image property of 'Image2' to:
First(Students).Image.Full
4\ The result is as follows:

Best Regards,
Wearsky
If my post helps, then please consider Accept it as the solution to help others. Thanks.