Hello, @JasonWS , yes, there is limitations of the 64-bit double precision floating-point format used by Power Apps. This format can exactly represent integers up to 15 digits long, but beyond that, it may not be able to represent large integers exactly due to its finite precision.
My test:

I would then recommend using the if function:
If(
Left(YourBarcodeValue, 1) = "0",
Right(YourBarcodeValue, Len(YourBarcodeValue) - 1),
YourBarcodeValue
)
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