Lets take a look at this:
For my example my sharepoint list is called: DummyTab
For my example my 'text column' is called: CoolText
First add a new ComboBox to your screen and call it anything for my example I will Call it Combobox1. For my example you need to turn Multi Select off in the properties of the combobox let me know if this is needed.
I want you to make the Items property of the ComboBox to:
Sort(Distinct(Split(Concat(DummyTab.CoolText,CoolText),","),Result),Result,Ascending)
*Remember for you scenario you need to change the names*
then change the filter to:
Filter(DummyTab, IsBlank(ComboBox1.Selected.Result) || ComboBox1.Selected.Result in CoolText )
So what is happening here?
First we are pulling all the options from sharepoint in that column that are separated by ",". We are then making the options Distinct/Unique and then sorting them Alphabetically.
We are then checking in the filter to see if it is selected and if so filter to find where the option chosen exists in that column. If it is not selected show all.