If I'm understanding this right, you had started your learning with the Excel Online (business) connector from Flow, and you'd like to transfer that knowledge to PowerApps.
In PowerApps, you would connect an Excel table through the OneDrive for Business connector (or Dropbox, Google Drive, or anywhere that can hold the xlsx file).
As you have mentioned, in PowerApps you could use:
ClearCollect(name of a collection, name of the table)
This brings in up to the first 500 records from the Excel table into PowerApps locally. Then you could reference the collection across the app. Note that collections are local to your device/browser.
You can also point controls that take tables such as dropdowns, comboboxes, galleries directly to the table. For instance, I could point a gallery's Items property to the table's name.
There's lots of examples of the Patch statement that I've answered in different contexts. You can try doing a search for mr-dang or Mr-Dang-MSFT with the word Patch. The general pattern is like this:
Patch(name of your table, record to update or a blank record,
{
column1: new value
}
)
Can you clarify which part of Patch you're wondering more about?