If you want to donwload a the latest file of a specific folder inside the canvas app when a button is selected.
The first thing that you need to do it is to create a cloud flow for the following trigger
now inside the flow you will need to retrieve the file using sharepoint actions you gonna use the action to get the files properties, in that action can apply a filter
In the properties of the action you must select your site and the folder who will take a look, on the order by and top count you will populate as the image show below
No you will gonna use the Get file content using path
you will include that inside a For Each action to from that get Files
in the File Path you will gonna put the file path the file found. Remember to set the site address.
After you get the content you can send back to the power apps using the action to respond to a power apps
you will gonna include a output parameters as file and put the content of the file located from sharepoint
Save, and open your canvas app and include that flow in the app and you can call do get the latest file.
I hope that help you.