Hey John,
my understanding is:
1. A copilot agent doesn't actually index content sources; it queries them and then probably uses some form of ranking on the results. And no, it's not using classic SharePoint search, it is using SharePoint's Semantic search, via an internal (to Microsoft) Graph API.
2. It's AI and currently most LLMs won't provide consistent results, especically if there is any contention/conflicting information in the source content.
3. When you say a PowerBI list, do you mean a table in a Power BI workspace? If you do, then kinda....
I believe there's a connector for Fabric Data Agents, which includes support for Power BI semantic models, Warehouses, Lakehouses and KQL databases, which might provide what you're after.
4. Copilot Studio agents only remember information from the current session, there's no real persisted learning. Though it's plausible that you could build somethign to monitor conversations, identify new/correct knowledge and add that to a document in SharePoint, which could then be specifically included in future sessions. A nice little project for someone...
Hopefully that's helpful.
If you found out anything else that's useful or more accurate, please do update this post.
Thanks
Craig