Hi @HansHeintz ,
Do you want to plot different horizontal distance of the points against the difference in dates in your Line Chart control?
If you want to plot different horizontal distance of the points against the difference in dates in your Line Chart control, I afraid that there is no way to achieve your needs in PowerApps currently.

Just as you thought, the horizontal distance of the points of the 'Line Chart' control would be divided into equal distance against the records amount in your collection. Currently, there is no way to customize the horizontal distance of the points of the 'Line Chart' control based on the difference in dates.
If you would like this feature to be added in PowerApps, please submit an idea to PowerApps Ideas Forum:
https://powerusers.microsoft.com/t5/Power-Apps-Ideas/idb-p/PowerAppsIdeas
As an alternative solution, I think Power BI report could achieve your needs. On your side, you could consider store your animal weight records in a Excel file, and then you could add your Excel file data as dataset into your Power BI desktop. The Excel dataset added into your Power BI may look like this:

Then you could plot a Line Chart based on the above inserted dataset in your BI report:


After that, you could consider pin above BI report to existing dashboard or new dashboard as a Tile. Then you could use the "Power BI Tile" control in your PowerApps canvas app to display the above Line Chart visual:

More details about displaying Power BI Tile in PowerApps canvas app, please check the following video resource:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWmU3gJ9tRY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H9yYzPg0LwM
Please try above alternative solution, hope it could help solve your problem.
Regards,