SharePoint is being funny, it is displaying the date in the sharepoint column in one format, but secretely hiding the date in a different format.
The flow needs the format that sharepoint uses to save it, not the one you see
A good way to figure this out is to run the action without the filter, then check the output to see what the flow actually gets as input. You should filter on that input, not on what is beind displayed to you in SharePoint.
This, for example, is also the case when you would change the name of a column in sharepoint (automate will continue to use the old name, for better or for worse)
To sum it up, you should filter on
because that is the date format that the flow is receiving from the action
