Sorry for the confusion:
There are 3 distinct SP-lists.
1. Corona_Test_Schulen (for the schools and their details).
The schools can enter the information for the school (e.g. address printed on Covid test results, email for contact in case of positive covid tests in a class of that school)

2. Corona_Test_Klassen for all the classes in all the schools.
The schools can select their school in an app and enter new classes that they want to use,

This has a Lookup column to the the first SP-list.
I created a calulated field for the class that's identical with the Klasse field because a dropdown field would not let me reference it otherwise (very strange, but it works now).
3. Lehrer_in_Klassen
Here, the schools can select a class that exists in their school and enter the teachers (people registered in the tenant) who work in a class. They will then be able to enter and review results of their students (and only theirs)

I think I'm close to a solution, or at least, I can formulate the issue better now:
I have created a collection colMeineSchulen.
As you can see "Schule" is nested inside that collection.

Inside that collection there is a record for the school with ID and Value

Now, I would like to create a table with all the distinct nested values for the field Schulen.
But I don't know if I can do that with distinct, forAll, FirstN(FirstN....
I'd appreciate any help you could give.