It took some for me to find out but this is how I did it @SchneidAIR:
On github there is an Excel file called 'CrisisCommunication.Translations.xlsx.' In that file there is a tabel called 'colTranslation'. (see ExcelOriginal.png)
MSFT imported this file in the PowerApp using Data Sources, Search, Excel, Import from Excel. What this does is what it says, it imports the data from the Excel file permanently into the PowerApp (it took me some time to realize this 😀) . This table name was confusing for me because of the prefix 'col'. I thought there was a collection called 'colTranslation' in the app but there isn't. So I saved the Excel file under another name and change the name of the table in the Excel file to 'vertaling' (translation in Dutch). I also changed some of the translations in the Excel file for my language (Dutch nl-NL.)
Then in the PowerApp I deleted the Excel datasource 'colTranslations' (which gets its name from the tabel in Excel). see Original.png)
Using Data Sources, Search, Excel, Import from Excel I imported my modified Excel file, this gave me a new datasource called 'Vertaling' (see step 1 in ChangeTranslations.png).
Finally I modified the code in App.Onstart as shown in 'ChangeTranslations.png) step 2, (compare this to the original). Now there is a collection called 'colTranslations containing your modified translations. The app uses this collection without further modifications giving your own language and modified text.
Hope this helps
Bart Schaap