Hi @sajarac,
Where do you upload your pictures into? A SP list or A SP library?
If you want to upload your pictures into a SP library, I afraid that there is no simple way to achieve your needs in PowerApps currently.
Currently, as an available solution, you should pass the Image content (Blob data) into a flow, then within the flow, create a image file within your SP library.
More details about uploading a image into a SP library, please check the following blog or video:
https://youtu.be/mp-8B1fLrqs
http://repointtechnologies.com/saving-images-from-powerapps-to-sharepoint/
I agree with your thought almost, currently SP library does not support Picture authentication, so your coworkers could not see these uploaded pictures within a shared app that you created.
As an alternative solution, you could create an app to list these uploaded pictures, then share this app to your coworkers and assign proper permissions of your SP Site to them. After that, please embed this shared app into a SP Site Page, then your coworkers could see these pictures within the embedded app in your SP Site Page.
More details about embedding an app into a SP Site, please check the following article:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powerapps/maker/canvas-apps/embed-apps-dev#embed-your-app-in-a-website
If you want to upload your pictures into a SP list as an attachment, I think the Attachments control could achieve your needs. You could consider generate an app from your SP list, then upload pictures via Attachments control. More details about Attachments control, please check the following article:
https://powerapps.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/add-attachments-to-sharepoint-lists/
In order to let your coworkers to see these uploaded pictures within an app you shared to them, as an alternative solution, please take a try with above solution I provided (Embed your shared app into a SP Site Page).
Best regards,
Kris